Supreme Court of India- 5 Essential Facts to know

Introduction:

The Supreme Court of India stands as the apex judicial authority in the country, entrusted with upholding the sanctity of the Constitution and ensuring justice for all citizens. Established under Part V of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court symbolizes the pinnacle of the Indian judiciary, wielding immense power and responsibility. With its rich history, pivotal rulings, and evolving jurisprudence, the Supreme Court continues to shape the course of Indian democracy.

 

Historical Background:

The roots of the Supreme Court of India can be traced back to the British colonial era when the Regulating Act of 1773 established the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Calcutta. Subsequent charters expanded the jurisdiction of the court, and by the time of India’s independence in 1947, there were High Courts in various regions. However, the need for a central authority to interpret and safeguard the Constitution led to the establishment of the Supreme Court on January 28, 1950.

 

Jurisdiction and Powers:

The Supreme Court of India serves as the ultimate appellate authority, hearing appeals from various High Courts and tribunals across the country. Its jurisdiction encompasses both original and appellate jurisdiction, enabling it to adjudicate on matters involving constitutional interpretation, civil disputes, criminal cases, and matters of public interest. Additionally, the Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, enabling it to strike down laws or actions inconsistent with the Constitution.

Role in Safeguarding Democracy

As the guardian of the Constitution, the Supreme Court plays a crucial role in upholding democratic principles and protecting fundamental rights. Landmark judgments such as Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) and Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975) have reinforced the supremacy of the Constitution and established principles of judicial review. Through its interventions, the Supreme Court has often acted as a check on executive and legislative overreach, ensuring a balance of power and safeguarding individual liberties.

 

Public Interest Litigation (PIL):

One of the significant contributions of the Supreme Court to Indian jurisprudence is the innovation of Public Interest Litigation (PIL). PIL allows any individual or organization to petition the court on behalf of the public interest, thereby enabling access to justice for marginalized communities and addressing systemic injustices. Over the years, PILs have been instrumental in addressing issues such as environmental degradation, corruption, and the protection of human rights.

Evolution of Judicial Activism:

The Supreme Court of India has been characterized by a tradition of judicial activism, wherein the judiciary assumes an active role in addressing social and political issues. From environmental conservation to the protection of minority rights, the court has intervened in various spheres to uphold the principles of justice and equality. However, this activism has also sparked debates regarding judicial overreach and the boundaries of judicial authority.

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Challenges and Criticisms:

Despite its pivotal role, the Supreme Court is not immune to criticism. Delayed justice, mounting backlog of cases, and allegations of judicial corruption have plagued the institution. Additionally, concerns have been raised regarding the lack of diversity in the judiciary and the need for greater transparency and accountability. These challenges underscore the need for reforms aimed at strengthening the institution and restoring public trust.

 

Conclusion:

The Supreme Court of India stands as a bulwark of justice and democracy, entrusted with the monumental task of interpreting the Constitution and safeguarding the rights of citizens. Through its landmark judgments, innovative approaches, and unwavering commitment to justice, the court continues to shape the trajectory of Indian democracy. As India navigates its path towards progress and inclusivity, the Supreme Court remains a beacon of hope, ensuring that the principles enshrined in the Constitution endure for generations to come.